Vanoxerine is a piperazine derivative which is a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor . Vanoxerine binds to the target site on the dopamine transporter ~ 50 times more strongly than cocaine, but simultaneously inhibits the release of dopamine. This combined effect only slightly elevates dopamine levels, giving vanoxerine only mild stimulant effects. Vanoxerine has also been observed to be a potent blocker of the IKr channel. Vanoxerine also binds with nanomolar affinity to the serotonin transporter.