The Independent Review of Gender Identity Services for Children and Young People was commissioned in 2020 by NHS England and NHS Improvement and led by Hilary Cass, a retired consultant paediatrician and the former president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. It dealt with gender services for children and young people, including those with gender dysphoria and those identifying as transgender. The final report was published on 10 April 2024, and its recommendations were endorsed by NHS England and both the Conservative and Labour parties. The review has been heavily criticized by medical organisations specialized on transgender healthcare among other things for the exclusion of significant parts of the existing scientific literature as well as its insistence on randomized control trials that would be unethical to perform, which Cass admitted to in a later interview.”