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Trapped O2 and the origin of voltage fade in layered Li-rich cathodes - Nature Materials
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Oxygen redox cathodes, such as Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2, deliver higher energy densities than those based on transition metal redox alone. However, they commonly exhibit voltage fade, a gradually diminishing discharge voltage on extended cycling. Recent research has shown that, on the first charge, oxidation of O2− ions forms O2 molecules trapped in nano-sized voids within the structure, which can be fully reduced to O2− on the subsequent discharge.
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