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A novel bystander effect in tamoxifen treatment: PPIB derived from ER+ cells attenuates ER− cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis - Cell Death & Disease
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Tamoxifen (TAM) is the frontline therapy for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer in premenopausal women that interrupts ER signaling. As tumors with elevated heterogeneity, amounts of ER-negative (ER−) cells are present in ER+ breast cancer that cannot be directly killed by TAM. Despite complete remissions have been achieved in clinical practice, the mechanism underlying the elimination of ER− cells during TAM treatment remains an
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