In every eight people in the world, one person lives with a mental disorder. Mental disorders involve considerable disruptions in thinking, emotional regulation, and behavior according to World Health Organisation. Victims do not have a grasp of control due to the distress or impairment of crucial functioning facets of themselves.

Mental disorders may also be referred to as mental health conditions although the latter is comprehensive covering mental disorders, psychosocial disabilities, and other unstable mental states.

Mental disorders render the victims at risk of self-harm or harm to others. The causes of mental disorders are unclear from genetic to environmental. It's often defined as how a person thinks, behaves, feels, or perceives. Research shows that mental illnesses are the leading cause of disabilities.

1ANXIETY DISORDER

According to World Health Organization in 2019 l, 301 million people were living with anxiety disorders including 58 million children and adolescents. The symptoms of anxiety are strenuous enough to affect the normal functioning and daily lives of these people.

Characteristics of an anxiety disorder include; Excessive fear and enduring worry, panic attack, apprehension, restlessness, weariness and weakness, trouble concentrating, and a persistent sense of forthcoming danger.

There are different kinds of anxieties:

Generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder triggered by little to nothing in retrospect. The person gets edgy and tensed quickly.

Panic disorder is characterized by unpredictable reiterated episodes of intense fear. Physical symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness.

Social anxiety disorder can be restricted to only one type of situation ie public speaking. It is it's a feeling of overwhelming anxiety and disproportionate self-consciousness in any social situation.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by recurrent unwanted thoughts( obsessions) or repetitive behaviors (compulsions) ie Counting, cleaning, or checking often conducted to prevent obsessive thoughts. Performing them relieves the symptoms temporarily but not performing them markedly increases their anxiety.

2DEPRESSION

280 million people were living with depression including 23 million children and adolescents in 2019. It's vital to understand that depression is distinct from the usual short-lived mood reactions ie anger due to daily challenges.

Depression manifests itself in intense feelings of sadness, grumpiness, and emptiness that are persistent for long periods of the day for almost two weeks. Symptoms of depression include; loss of interest in activities that formerly were fun, poor and irregular concentration spans, low self-image and guilt for their states of mind, hopelessness and in extreme cases thoughts of death and suicide, sleep lack and appetite, and weight gain or weight loss.

Although there is no precise cause of depression, factors and catalysts such; as

Traumatic experiences, for some people, loss of loved ones, divorce, chronic illnesses, and joblessness may trigger depression in them.

Personalities some personality types are linked to depression. People with low esteem or people pleaser attitude personalities are vulnerable to depression.

Family history If your close family member, a parent, or siblings have had depression then you may also develop depression.

Alcohol and substance abuse the thought of drugs helping loops back to depression episodes. Alcohol affects the chemistry of the brain and makes people at an increased risk of depression.

3BIPOLAR DISORDER

Individuals with bipolar disorder experiences alternative depressive episodes with periods of manic symptoms. Symptoms include feeling sad, irritable, or empty, and loss of interest in any activity. Manic symptoms include; euphoria or irritability, increased talkativeness, racing thoughts, and impulsive reckless behavior among others.

In 2019, 40 million people experienced bipolar disorders. They are at an increased risk of suicide and should seek treatment like psychoeducation and medication. Factors that may increase the risk of developing bipolar that act as a trigger for the first episode include;

Genetics; having immediate close relatives like parents or siblings may increase the chances of developing bipolar disorder.

Increased Increased stress levels or events that increase stress levels, ie bereavement or traumatic events in life make one more exposed to bipolar disorder.

Drug and alcohol abuse Alcohol alters brain chemistry making victims at an increased risk of developing bipolar disorder. Although bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, you can manage your mood swings and other symptoms by following your treatment plans including medications.

4POST-TRAUMATIC DISORDER

This mental condition is more predominant in high high-conflict areas and may develop due to experiencing traumatic experiences in life. Exposure to incredibly horrendous events or series of events can cause the post-traumatic disorder.

Symptoms include;

• Re-living events in the present life through flashbacks, invasive memories, or nightmares that persuade the individuals of their reality.

• Avoidance of thoughts and memories of what happened and any other situation that relates or is similar to the traumatic events.

• Convinced persistent perception of the heightened current threat. They're convinced that the threat is still there. The symptoms may persist for weeks and deeply affect the normal functioning of the individual and those around them.

Traumatic events include; violent personal incursion, natural or human-made natural disasters, or military combat. It's estimated that 7.7 million Americans have suffered or are suffering post-traumatic disorders and another 8% of the population will eventually develop the disorder. Research has started to explore the idea of five different subcategories that require different treatment methods within post-traumatic disorder; Normal Stress Response, Acute Stress Disorders, uncomplicated post-traumatic disorder, Complex Post Traumatic Disorder, and comorbid Post Traumatic Disorder.

5SCHIZOPHRENIA

Approximately around 24 million people worldwide live with his condition. They have at least 10 to 20 years less in their life expectancy than average normal people. World Health Organization.

Schizophrenia affects an individual's perception and impairment significantly. It's a serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Characteristics include; persistent delusions or hallucinations, disorganized thinking and behaviors, and extreme agitation. Some patients experience difficulty in proper cognitive functioning.

People with schizophrenia require lifelong treatment. Early medication may help get these symptoms in order and under control before serious complications developed. Risk factors include family history, birth, and pregnancy complications, and drug and substance abuse among others.

Complications accompanying schizophrenia can affect every area of life through suicidal thoughts, development of other disorders like depression, inability to work normally at school or work, financial problems, falling into drug and substance abuse, health and medical conditions, and in other cases being victimized and discriminated against.

While effective prevention and treatment options exist, most people living with these conditions do not have access due to among other reasons, the stigmatization and discrimination of these patients. Effective psychological treatment exists depending on the age and severity of the condition.

Everyone is at risk of developing mental disorders. People living under certain conditions like poverty, conflict, and instability, victims of abuse, and biological factors like genetics, may make them more susceptible to mental disorders. Many of the risks and protective factors are changed by influencing brain structure and functioning.